Fig. 4From: Highly efficient mesophyll protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transient gene expression for rapid and large-scale gene characterization in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)Effects of PEG4000 concentration (a) and transfection time (b) on cassava protoplast transformation efficiency. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, the error bars represent at least five independent replicates. The different letters indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) according to the Duncan testBack to article page