Table 2 Comparison of prediction errors under different models
From: An online soft sensor method for biochemical reaction process based on JS-ISSA-XGBoost
Model | Cell concentration | Product concentration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE | \(\boldsymbol{R^2}\)Â Â | RMSE | \(\boldsymbol{R^2}\)Â Â | MRE | MAE | |
XGBoost | 0.1627 | 0.7836 | 9.1977 | 0.9642 | 0.4132 | 30.4069 |
ISSA-XGBoost | 0.1074 | 0.9058 | 7.6863 | 0.9750 | 0.2898 | 26.4064 |
J-ISSA-XGBoost | 0.0622 | 0.9684 | 4.8525 | 0.9900 | 0.2117 | 17.8598 |
JS-ISSA-XGBoost | 0.0260 | 0.9945 | 2.6688 | 0.9970 | 0.0889 | 8.3481 |