Fig. 1

Effects of oral administration of LL-FT in DSS-induced colitis. a Experimental protocol is as follows: C57BL/6 mice received 2% DSS for 8 days (day 1 to day 8). Recombinant L. lactis was administered for 4 days (day 5 to day 8) to LL-F and LL-FT groups. Euthanasia and samples collection occurred on day 9 (arrow). b Body weight was measured in grams from day 1 to 9. c Colon length was measured in centimeters after euthanasia. d Disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated on day 9 before euthanasia and included three major clinical signs related to weight loss, diarrhea and rectal bleeding. e Blood serum of mice was collected after euthanasia and measured by ELISA. Experimental groups are as follows: NC, negative control group; DSS, DSS group; LL-F, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ group and LL-FT, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ (pValac::anti-TNFα) group. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM from an experiment using 4–5 animals per group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test for charts and two-way ANOVA for curves; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01