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Table 1 Experimental design used in RSM and ANN studies by using four independent variables showing observed values of percentage yield of wax esters synthesis

From: Comparison of estimation capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) with artificial neural network (ANN) in lipase-catalyzed synthesis of palm-based wax ester

Temperature (°C)

Time (h)

Molar ratio (mmol)

Amount of enzyme (g)

Actual yield (%) mean ± SD

40

2.5

2

0.1

30.2 ± 0.17

60

2.5

2

0.1

32.9 ± 0.52

60

7.5

2

0.1

75.5 ± 0.82

40

2.5

4

0.1

41.8 ± 0.46

40

7.5

4

0.1

75.2 ± 1.12

60

7.5

4

0.1

72.9 ± 0.57

60

2.5

2

0.2

55.6 ± 0.23

40

7.5

2

0.2

80.8 ± 0.37

60

7.5

2

0.2

78.7 ± 0.19

60

2.5

4

0.2

60.6 ± 0.41

40

7.5

4

0.2

72.4 ± 0.6

60

7.5

4

0.2

68.6 ± 0.36

30

5

3

0.15

48.5 ± 0.18

70

5

3

0.15

48 ± 0.3

50

0

3

0.15

20 ± 0.15

50

10

3

0.15

80 ± 0.77

50

5

1

0.15

70.2 ± 0.66

50

5

5

0.15

72.5 ± 0.85

50

5

3

0.05

70.1 ± 1.21

50

5

3

0.25

82 ± 0.49

50

5

3

0.15

81.6 ± 0.28

50

5

3

0.15

82.0 ± 0.51

50

5

3

0.15

82.4 ± 0.43

50

5

3

0.15

80.0 ± 0.45

50

5

3

0.15

82.5 ± 0.78

50

5

3

0.15

82.7 ± 0.39

40

7.5

2

0.1

75.2 ± 1.11

60

2.5

4

0.1

45.5 ± 0.3

40

2.5

2

0.2

46.2 ± 0.26

40

2.5

4

0.2

55.4 ± 1.44

  1. ANN training set: normal and italic (center points) numbers
  2. ANN testing set: bold numbers