Table 1 Summary of experimental results for diffusion coefficient, D, from recent studies using fluorescent dye.
From: Measurement of diffusion in articular cartilage using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescent dye | Method | Specimen | Temp. (°C) | D(×10-10m2/s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorecein (332 Da) | Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) | Human intervertebral discs | 22 | 0.38 ± 0.25 ~ 2.68 ± 0.84 | [18] |
|  |  |    Inner, middle and outer regions of annulus fibrosus |  |  |  |
Fluorecein (376 Da) | Fluorescence loss induced by photobleaching (FLIP). | Murine (C57BL6J) distal humurs | 4 | Â | [19] |
|  |  |    Subchondral bone |  | 0.0002 ~ 0.012 (0.0007 ± 0.0003) |  |
|  |  |    Calcified cartilage |  | 0.0005 ~ 0.009 (0.0026 ± 0.0022) |  |
Fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC)-tagged dextran (3, 40, 70, and 500 kDa) | Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) | Tissue engineered cartilage from human adipose-derived stem cell with or without scaffold (alginate, agarose, fibrin and gelatin) | 37 | 0.16 ± 0.08 (Day 28, cultured within fibrin in control media using 500 kDa) | [20] |
|  |  |  | or | ~ 18.10 ± 3.94 (Day 1, cultured within gelatine in chondrogenic media using 3 kDa) |  |
| Â | Â | Â | ? | Â | Â |
Fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC)-tagged dextran (70 kDa) | Scanning microphotolysis (SCAMP). | Porcine femoral condyle | ? | Â | [21] |
|  |  |    Healthy cartilage |  |  |  |
|  |  | Extracellular matrix |  | 0.23 ± 0.02 |  |
|  |  | Pericellular matrix |  | 0.19 ± 0.02 |  |
|  |  |    Osteoarthritic cartilage |  |  |  |
|  |  | Extracellular matrix |  | 0.23 ± 0.02 |  |
|  |  | Pericellular matrix |  | 0.23 ± 0.02 |  |
Fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC)-tagged dextran (70 kDa) | Scanning microphotolysis (SCAMP) and Fluorescence imaging of continuous point photobleaching (FICOPP) | Porcine femoral condyle | ? | Â | [22] |
|  |  |    Normal cartilage |  | 0.33 |  |
|  |  |    Compressed cartilage |  | 0.07 |  |
Fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC)-tagged dextran (3 and 500 kDa) | Fluorescence imaging of continuous point photobleaching (FICOPP) | Collagenous tissues | 4 | Inexpressible because authors explain diffusivity by not diffusion coefficient but by diffusivity ratio for comparisons | [23] |
|  |  |    3% agarose gel | or |  |  |
|  |  |    Lateral collateral ligaments (Porcine) | ? |  |  |
Rhodamine B (443 Da, cationic), Rhodamine B (479 Da, neutral but polar), Fluorecein (332 Da), and Na-fluorecein (376 Da) | Quantitative fluorescence microscopy on histological sections | Equine forelimb | 4 | 0.0098 ± 0.0013 ~ 0.037 ± 0.003 | [24] |
|  |  |    Subchondral bone |  |  |  |
|  |  |    Calcified cartilage |  |  |  |
Bovine serum albumin labeled with rhodamine - maleimide and Nitrobenz -2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) -labelled lauric acid (378 Da) bound to the fluorescent albumin | Quantitative fluorescence microscopy on histological sections | Equine metacarpal-phalangeal joints | 4 | 9.0 ± 2.0 (48 h-incubation, using albumin) | [25] |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | ~ | Â |
|  |  |  |  | 290.0 ± 10.0 (2 h-incubation, using lauric acid) |  |
Fluorescein-conjugated bovine serum albumin (66 kDa). | Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) | 3~8% agarose gel | 24 | 0.164 ± 0.018 ~ 0.411 ± 0.008 | [26] |
| Â | Â | Porcine growth plate | Â | 0.0387 ~ 0.4922 | Â |
Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) -tagged dextran (3,10, and 40 kDa) and tetramethylrhodamine (430 Da) itself, | Novel experimental apparatus and desorption fluorescence method. | Bovine femurs | 4 | 0.19 ± 0.02 (8% compression, using 40 kDa dextran) | |
|  |  |    Compressed cartilage |  | ~ |  |
|  |  |  |  | 0.52 ± 0.06 (8% compression, using 430 Da TMR) |  |