Fig. 2

Cultivation of U. cynodontis ITA Max pH with different carbon sources with limiting ammonium chloride concentration (1 g/L NH4Cl). (A) Course of the oxygen transfer rates of the pure sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose). (B) Oxygen transfer rates of complex substrates. (C) Itaconic acid titers and yields of the cultivations after 78 h of cultivation. Cultivations were performed in a 96 round deep-well MTP, filled with 300 µL modified Verduyn medium at 30 °C, 350 rpm shaking frequency and a shaking diameter of 50 mm. 30 mM MES were added to the cultivations. The initial pH was set to 6.5 for all cultivations. The different carbon sources are specified in supplementary Table S1. Graphs show the mean of three replicates, with standard deviation as shaded area. Due to high reproducibility of the measurements, the standard deviation might not be visible for every data point. For clarity, only every fourth data point is shown