Metal ion | Concentration (M) | Residual activity (%) | Metal ion | Concentration (M) | Residual activity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | – | 100.00 ± 4.75bc |  |  |  |
Na2+ | 0.025 | 96.00 ± 9.64bcd | Si2+ | 0.025 | 114.76 ± 9.21b |
 | 0.25 | 79.38 ± 5.55cde |  | 0.25 | 116.05 ± 4.77b |
 | 2.5 | 74.97 ± 2.05cde |  | 2.5 | 57.48 ± 1.81ef |
Mn2+ | 0.025 | 102.97 ± 22.35bc | Co2+ | 0.025 | 91.58 ± 11.57bcd |
 | 0.25 | 260.72 ± 15.56a |  | 0.25 | 43.89 ± 6.27fg |
 | 2.5 | 236.62 ± 23.84a |  | 2.5 | 40.86 ± 4.03fg |
Mg2+ | 0.025 | 84.25 ± 0.64cde | Al3+ | 0.025 | 96.87 ± 1.25bc |
 | 0.25 | 83.33 ± 1.87cde |  | 0.25 | 11.17 ± 1.16h |
 | 2.5 | 57.89 ± 0.98ef |  | 2.5 | 21.53 ± 6.69gh |
Ca2+ | 0.025 | 84.25 ± 5.00cde | Cu2+ | 0.025 | − 0.37 ± 0.87h |
 | 0.25 | 75.28 ± 12.16cde |  | 0.25 | 7.73 ± 2.64h |
 | 2.5 | 10.45 ± 5.13h |  | 2.5 | 6.61 ± 2.07h |
K+ | 0.025 | 83.74 ± 5.12cde |  |  |  |
 | 0.25 | 80.20 ± 0.62cde |  |  |  |
 | 2.5 | 67.43 ± 2.40def |  |  |  |