Fig. 3From: Fermentation of lactose to ethanol in cheese whey permeate and concentrated permeate by engineered Escherichia coli Fermentation results in WP for the eight candidate strains with pL13 in 15-ml tubes. a Ethanol production. b Residual lactose. Bars represent the average values of 2 to 4 independent experiments. Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals of the mean. The initial lactose concentration of the used WP batch was about 45Â g/lBack to article page