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  1. RNA interference (RNAi) in animals and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants are related phenomena whose functions include the developmental regulation of gene expression and protection from tra...

    Authors: Brian Reavy, Sheila Dawson, Tomas Canto and Stuart A MacFarlane

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:18

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. There are now several ways to generate fluorescent fusion proteins by randomly inserting DNA encoding the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) into another protein's coding sequence. These approaches can be used to...

    Authors: Douglas L Sheridan and Thomas E Hughes

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:17

    Content type: Methodology article

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  3. Polycistronic retroviral vectors that contain several therapeutic genes linked via internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), provide new and effective tools for the co-expression of exogenous cDNAs in clinical gen...

    Authors: Victorine Douin, Stephanie Bornes, Laurent Creancier, Philippe Rochaix, Gilles Favre, Anne-Catherine Prats and Bettina Couderc

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:16

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Sustainable DNA resources and reliable high-throughput genotyping methods are required for large-scale, long-term genetic association studies. In the genetic dissection of common disease it is now recognised t...

    Authors: Rebecca Pask, Helen E Rance, Bryan J Barratt, Sarah Nutland, Deborah J Smyth, Meera Sebastian, Rebecca CJ Twells, Anne Smith, Alex C Lam, Luc J Smink, Neil M Walker and John A Todd

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:15

    Content type: Methodology article

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  6. In addition to studies of plant gene function and developmental analyses, plant biotechnological use is largely dependent upon transgenic technologies. The moss Physcomitrella patens has become an exciting model ...

    Authors: Verena Horstmann, Claudia M Huether, Wolfgang Jost, Ralf Reski and Eva L Decker

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:13

    Content type: Research article

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  7. RNA dot blot hybridization is a commonly used technique for gene expression assays. However, membrane based RNA dot/slot blot hybridization is time consuming, requires large amounts of RNA, and is less suited ...

    Authors: Fekadu Yadetie, Arne K Sandvik, Hallgeir Bergum, Kristin Norsett and Astrid Laegreid

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:12

    Content type: Methodology article

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  8. Electroporation (EP) is a widely used non-viral gene transfer method. We have attempted to develop an exact protocol to maximize DNA expression while minimizing tissue damage following EP of skeletal muscle in vi...

    Authors: Jordan Taylor, Charlie F Babbs, Mohammed Borhan Alzghoul, Aaron Olsen, Mickey Latour, Amber L Pond and Kevin Hannon

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:11

    Content type: Methodology article

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  9. Members of the GATA transcription factor family have been used in many transfection studies to investigate their roles in the regulation of gene expression. To correct for variations in transfection efficiency...

    Authors: Clement KM Ho and Jerome F Strauss III

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:10

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Whether for cell culture studies of protein function, construction of mouse models to enable in vivo analysis of disease epidemiology, or ultimately gene therapy of human diseases, a critical enabling step is the...

    Authors: Marina Sudomoina, Ekaterina Latypova, Olga O Favorova, Erica A Golemis and Ilya G Serebriiskii

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:9

    Content type: Methodology article

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  11. Mutagenesis of yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) often requires analysis of large numbers of yeast clones to obtain correctly targeted mutants. Conventional ways to isolate yeast genomic DNA utilize either g...

    Authors: Susanna Harju, Halyna Fedosyuk and Kenneth R Peterson

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:8

    Content type: Methodology article

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  13. Antibody fragments selected from large combinatorial libraries have numerous applications in diagnosis and therapy. Most existing antibody repertoires are derived from human immunoglobulin genes. Genes from ot...

    Authors: Wouter van Wyngaardt, Teresiah Malatji, Cordelia Mashau, Jeanni Fehrsen, Frances Jordaan, Dubravka Miltiadou and Dion H du Plessis

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:6

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Primary hepatocytes, one of the most widely used cell types for toxicological studies, have a very limited life span and must be freshly derived from mice or even humans. Attempts to use stable cell lines main...

    Authors: Maria Grazia Sacco, Laura Amicone, Enrica Mira Catò, Daniela Filippini, Paolo Vezzoni and Marco Tripodi

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:5

    Content type: Methodology article

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  15. The DefH9-iaaM gene fusion which is expressed specifically in placenta/ovules and promotes auxin-synthesis confers parthenocarpic fruit development to eggplant, tomato and tobacco. Transgenic DefH9-iaaM eggplants...

    Authors: Bruno Mezzetti, Lucia Landi, Tiziana Pandolfini and Angelo Spena

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:4

    Content type: Research article

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  16. DNA microarray assays typically compare two biological samples and present the results of those comparisons gene-by-gene as the logarithm base two of the ratio of the measured expression levels for the two sam...

    Authors: Vasily Sharov, Ka Yin Kwong, Bryan Frank, Emily Chen, Jeremy Hasseman, Renee Gaspard, Yan Yu, Ivana Yang and John Quackenbush

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:3

    Content type: Methodology article

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  17. Site-directed mutagenesis is an efficient method to alter the structure and function of genes. Here we report a rapid and efficient megaprimer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mutagenesis strategy that by...

    Authors: Rajiv Tyagi, Richard Lai and Ronald G Duggleby

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:2

    Content type: Methodology article

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  18. BAC clones containing entire mammalian genes including all the transcribed region and long range controlling elements are very useful for functional analysis. Sequenced BACs are available for most of the human...

    Authors: George Kotzamanis and Clare Huxley

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2004 4:1

    Content type: Methodology article

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  19. Several different cDNA labeling methods have been developed for microarray based gene expression analysis. We have examined the accuracy and reproducibility of such five commercially available methods in detec...

    Authors: Azadeh Badiee, Hans Geir Eiken, Vidar M Steen and Roger Løvlie

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:23

    Content type: Methodology article

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  22. The accuracy and precision of estimates of DNA concentration are critical factors for efficient use of DNA samples in high-throughput genotype and sequence analyses. We evaluated the performance of spectrophot...

    Authors: Kashif A Haque, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Michael B Beerman, Jeff P Struewing, Stephen J Chanock and Andrew W Bergen

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:20

    Content type: Methodology article

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  23. C. elegans has been established as a powerful genetic system. Use of a chemically defined medium (C. elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM)) now allows standardization and systematic manipulation of the nutrients that...

    Authors: Nathaniel J Szewczyk, Elena Kozak and Catharine A Conley

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:19

    Content type: Methodology article

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  24. Real-time PCR is increasingly being adopted for RNA quantification and genetic analysis. At present the most popular real-time PCR assay is based on the hybridisation of a dual-labelled probe to the PCR produc...

    Authors: Frederique Ponchel, Carmel Toomes, Kieran Bransfield, Fong T Leong, Susan H Douglas, Sarah L Field, Sandra M Bell, Valerie Combaret, Alain Puisieux, Alan J Mighell, Philip A Robinson, Chris F Inglehearn, John D Isaacs and Alex F Markham

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:18

    Content type: Methodology article

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  25. Expression of human Interleukin-5 receptor alpha (hIL-5Rα) is controlled by alternative splicing, which generates two different transcripts encoding a membrane-anchored and a soluble form of the receptor, resp...

    Authors: Claudina Pérez, Jo Vandesompele, Ina Vandenbroucke, Gabriele Holtappels, Frank Speleman, Philippe Gevaert, Paul Van cauwenberge and Claus Bachert

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:17

    Content type: Methodology article

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  26. Gene transfer into the amniotic fluid using recombinant adenovirus vectors was shown previously to result in high efficiency transfer of transgenes into the lungs and intestines. Adenovirus mediated in utero gene...

    Authors: Deiadra J Garrett, Janet E Larson, Daisy Dunn, Luis Marrero and J Craig Cohen

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:16

    Content type: Methodology article

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  27. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine involved in the initiation and amplification of the defence response in infectious and inflammatory diseases. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an inactive member of the I...

    Authors: Susanna Ricci, Giovanni Macchia, Paolo Ruggiero, Tiziana Maggi, Paola Bossù, Li Xu, Donata Medaglini, Aldo Tagliabue, Lennart Hammarström, Gianni Pozzi and Diana Boraschi

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:15

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Non-viral vectors for gene transfer are less immunogenic than viral vectors but also less efficient. Significant effort has focused on enhancing non-viral gene transfer efficiency by increasing nuclear import ...

    Authors: Marie Carrière, Virginie Escriou, Aline Savarin and Daniel Scherman

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:14

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. cDNA microarrays have the potential to identify the genes involved in invasion and metastasis. However, when used with whole tumor tissue, the results average the expression patterns of different cell types. W...

    Authors: Weigang Wang, Jeffrey B Wyckoff, Yarong Wang, Erwin P Bottinger, Jeffrey E Segall and John S Condeelis

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:13

    Content type: Methodology article

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  30. Functional Genomics, the systematic characterisation of the functions of an organism's genes, includes the study of the gene products, the proteins. Such studies require methods to express and purify these pro...

    Authors: Christoph Scheich, Volker Sievert and Konrad Büssow

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:12

    Content type: Methodology article

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  31. The identification of known mutations in a cell population is important for clinical applications and basic cancer research. In this work an immobilized form of the polymerase chain reaction, referred to as po...

    Authors: James Butz, Eric Wickstrom and Jeremy Edwards

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:11

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  32. The interest in microfluidics and surface patterning is increasing as the use of these technologies in diverse biomedical applications is substantiated. Controlled molecular and cellular surface patterning is ...

    Authors: Thomas Brevig, Ulrich Krühne, Rachel A Kahn, Thomas Ahl, Michael Beyer and Lars H Pedersen

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:10

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  35. Homology-dependent selective degradation of RNA, or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), is involved in several biological phenomena, including adaptative defense mechanisms against plant viruses. Small...

    Authors: Tiziana Pandolfini, Barbara Molesini, Linda Avesani, Angelo Spena and Annalisa Polverari

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:7

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. DNA microarrays are now routinely used to monitor the transcript levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. However, the array fabrication method, hybridization conditions, and oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe...

    Authors: David R Dorris, Allen Nguyen, Linn Gieser, Randall Lockner, Anna Lublinsky, Marcus Patterson, Edward Touma, Timothy J Sendera, Robert Elghanian and Abhijit Mazumder

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:6

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent initiator of gene silencing in a diverse group of organisms that includes plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mammals. We have previously shown and patented that...

    Authors: Francisco Tenllado, Belén Martínez-García, Marisol Vargas and José Ramón Díaz-Ruíz

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:3

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) have been used extensively for sequencing the human and mouse genomes and are thus readily available for most genes. The large size of BACs means that they can generally...

    Authors: Christine Magin-Lachmann, George Kotzamanis, Leonardo D'Aiuto, Ernst Wagner and Clare Huxley

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:2

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. The ability to manipulate the genetic networks underlying the physiological and behavioural repertoires of the adult honeybee worker (Apis mellifera) is likely to deepen our understanding of issues such as learni...

    Authors: Gro V Amdam, Zilá LP Simões, Karina R Guidugli, Kari Norberg and Stig W Omholt

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2003 3:1

    Content type: Methodology article

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  42. Allosteric ribozymes (aptazymes) that have extraordinary activation parameters have been generated in vitro by design and selection. For example, hammerhead and ligase ribozymes that are activated by small organi...

    Authors: Kristin M Thompson, Heather A Syrett, Scott M Knudsen and Andrew D Ellington

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:21

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. When generating transformed plants, a first step in their characterization is to obtain, for each new line, an estimate of how many copies of the transgene have been integrated in the plant genome because this...

    Authors: Giovanna Mason, Paolo Provero, Anna Maria Vaira and Gian Paolo Accotto

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:20

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  44. Ostrich (Struthio camelus) breeds have been gaining increasing significance around the world. The large-scale sex determination of chicks is an important task in the development of these breeds. To date, two PCR-...

    Authors: Wilson Malagó Jr, Heitor M Franco, Euclides Matheucci Jr, Adriana Medaglia and Flavio Henrique-Silva

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:19

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  45. Efficient transformation and regeneration methods are a priority for successful application of genetic engineering to vegetative propagated plants such as grape. The current methods for the production of trans...

    Authors: Bruno Mezzetti, Tiziana Pandolfini, Oriano Navacchi and Lucia Landi

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:18

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. The brine shrimp lethality assay is considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. It has also been suggested for screening pharmacological activities in plant extracts. However, we think tha...

    Authors: José Luis Carballo, Zaira L Hernández-Inda, Pilar Pérez and María D García-Grávalos

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:17

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  47. Hep27 monoclonal (Hep27 Mab) is an antibody against hepatocellular carcinoma. Hep27 Mab itself can inhibit the growth of a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HCC-S102). We attempted to produce a single-chain ...

    Authors: Duanpen Sandee, Sumalee Tungpradabkul, Manae Tsukio, Tadayuki Imanaka and Masahiro Takagi

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:16

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. The ability of transfected synthetic small interfering (si) RNAs to suppress the expression of specific transcripts has proved a useful technique to probe gene function in mammalian cells. However, high produc...

    Authors: Eric Devroe and Pamela A Silver

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:15

    Content type: Methodology article

    Published on:

  49. The power of DNA microarrays derives from their ability to monitor the expression levels of many genes in parallel. One of the limitations of such powerful analytical tools is the inability to detect certain t...

    Authors: Allen Nguyen, Connie Zhao, David Dorris and Abhijit Mazumder

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:14

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. In a variant of the standard PCR reaction termed bridging, or jumping, PCR the primer-bound sequences are originally on separate template molecules. Bridging can occur if, and only if, the templates contain a ...

    Authors: Shumo Liu, David S Thaler and Albert Libchaber

    Citation: BMC Biotechnology 2002 2:13

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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