Fig. 3

FT-IR spectrum of rhamnolipid showing the following vibrations: O–H stretching (3409 cm⁻¹), C–H stretching asym. (2922 and 28,563 cm⁻¹), C=O stretching (1650 cm⁻¹), C–H deformations (1453, 1238 and 808 cm⁻¹), C–H/O–H deformation (1386 cm⁻¹), C–O stretching (1048 cm⁻¹), α-pyranyl II sorption band (832 cm.⁻¹)