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Table 1 The titer of outputs and inputs from four rounds of biopanning

From: Development of a human phage display-derived anti-PD-1 scFv antibody: an attractive tool for immune checkpoint therapy

Panning round

Tween 20 (%)

Input phagesa

Output phagesa

Ratio

Enrichment factorb

1

0.5

1.2 × 1012

2 × 104

8.3 × 10–9

1

2

1

3 × 1012

8 × 104

2.6 × 10–8

3

3

2

1.1 × 1012

3 × 106

1.8 × 10–6

216

4

4

2.3 × 1012

8 × 108

1.3 × 10–4

15,662

  1. aThe phage titers of inputs and outputs were estimated by counting the colony-forming units (CFUs) of the infected E. coli TG1
  2. bEnrichment factor was calculated by dividing the output/input ratio in each round of biopanning by the ratio in the first round