Fig. 5
From: Optimizations for identifying reference genes in bone and cartilage bioengineering
V0.20/Opt3− vs. Vmin-based normalization schemes for gene expression assay on adipose tissue undergoing osteogenic differentiation. a Pairwise variation (Vn/n + 1) analysis between NFn and NFn + 1 to determine the optimal number of reference genes required for accurate normalization, V0.20 = 0.194, V3/4 = 0.254, Vmin = 0.170; b The sequencing of eight candidate reference genes based on M value; c, e Scatter plots of NFs using three schemes (r = Spearman rank correlation coefficient). d, f The comparison of target gene expression levels (CNRQ) between V0.20/Opt3- and Vmin-based normalization schemes. NF, normalization factor; CNRQ, calibrated normalized relative quantity