Fig. 1

Screening of interference agents (bicarbonate, phosphate, EDTA, and citrate) and interference agent concentrations (20 mM, 40 mM, 60 mM, 80 mM, and 100 mM) in AEX virus purification and their effect on protein clearance. The control represents the normal chromatography mode without addition of interference agents. Protein in the elution was non-detectable for experiments with 100 mM phosphate, 40 mM, 60 mM, 80 mM, and 100 mM EDTA, as well as 60 mM, 80 mM, and 100 mM citrate, therefore the calculation for log reduction value results in an infinite number (depicted by upward arrows). (n = 2 for bicarbonate, phosphate, and EDTA experiments, n = 3 for the control and citrate experiments, error bars show mean ± SD)