Fig. 4

Analysis of the bacterial communities within the faeces of B. oleae: DGGE profiles of the 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained by amplification with the 986FGC/1401R primer set. DGGE denaturing gradients of 45–68% (a) and 50–65% (b). The arrowed bands indicate the PCR products obtained by the amplification of DNA extracted from the wild fly oesophageal bulbs used as species markers of Ca. E. dacicola. Numbered bands (A1-A15; M1-M3) were selected for sequencing. The faeces were deposited by wild fly samples in cages 1–5 (c1-c5) and by lab flies in cage 6 (c6), with 2 or 3 replicates for each cage. M, marker