Table 2 Mean (± SE) quality control parameters of B. dorsalis developed from live and autoclaved gut bacterial (Proteus sp.) supplements and control gel-based larval diets

Egg hatch (%)

88.67 ± 1.33a

87.67 ± 1.66a

90.33 ± 0.88a

F = 1.02; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.415

Larval duration (days)

9.00 ± 1.15a

9.33 ± 0.88a

8.67 ± 1.45a

F = 0.08; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.925

Pupal yield (number)

9613 ± 378.58a

9379 ± 408.47a

10,129 ± 275.89a

F = 1.14; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.379

Pupal weight (mg)

10.16 ± 0.44a

10.03 ± 0.08a

10.13 ± 0.03a

F = 0.07; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.932

Adult emergence (%)

91.66 ± 0.79ab

92.33 ± 1.20a

87.33 ± 0.60b

F = 9.07; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.015

Flight ability(%)

78.33 ± 1.76a

77.33 ± 1.45a

79.66 ± 2.90a

F = 0.30; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.751

Male formation (%)

52.33 ± 2.56b

57.38 ± 0.38a

48.25 ± 4.18c

F = 28.68; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.001

Survival under stress(%)

82.00 ± 2.88a

83.00 ± 2.08a

72.33 ± 1.03b

F = 11.86; d.f. = 2, 6; P = 0.008