Fig. 3

Effects of oral administration of LL-FT on mRNA expression levels in colonic tissue. Levels of mRNA were normalized to RPS9 mRNA. a IL-6, b TNFα, c IL-1β, d IL-17A, e RORγt, f TGF-β, g T-bet, h STAT-1, i Foxp3, j IL-10, k iNOS, and l Arginase. Experimental groups: NC, negative control group; DSS, DSS group; LL-F, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ group and LL-FT, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ (pValac::anti-TNFα) group. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM from an experiment using 4–5 animals per group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01