Fig. 3

GUS staining and fluorescent quantitative analysis of PD1-PD9 Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants under normal and stress conditions. For NaCl and PEG treatments of whole plants, 60-day-old transgenic plants were immersed in a liquid 1/2 MS medium supplemented with either 200 mM NaCl or 18% (w/v) PEG 6000 at 25 °C for 24 h. For 4 °C treatment of whole plants, 60-day-old plants were immersed in a liquid 1/2 MS medium at 4 °C for 24 h. The plants grown in liquid 1/2 MS medium at 25 °C for 24 h were treated as a control. a GUS histochemical staining. The leaves of PD1–PD9 and CaMV35S promoter transgenic plants were stained for 3 h. Samples were then observed and photographed after decolorization. b GUS activity assays of leaves. Values represent the means ± SD from 15 independent transgenic plants (5 individual plants/line, 3 lines for each construct). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at P < 0.05