Fig. 4From: Development of a vitrification method for preserving human myoblast cell sheets for myocardial regeneration therapyEffects of vitrification on cytokine expression in cell sheets. a–c qRT-PCR results for the expression of VEGF, HGF, and SDF-1 in the fresh and vitrification groups. The fresh group was evaluated before cryopreservation. The cryopreserved cell-sheet constructs of the vitrification group were thawed at 2 days (D), 1 week (W), 1 month (M), and 3 months for assessment. The results are expressed as the means ± SD (n = 8 independent experiments); *p < 0.01. d–f ELISA results for the expression of VEGF, HGF, and SDF-1 in supernatants of the fresh and vitrification groups. The fresh group was evaluated before cryopreservation. The cryopreserved cell-sheet constructs of the vitrification group were thawed at 2 days, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months for assessment. The results are expressed as the mean ± SDs (n = 8 independent experiments); *p < 0.01 vs. the fresh groupBack to article page