Table 4 Fermentation profile by N. intermedia on integrated fermentation substrate using wheat straw pretreated with dilute phosphoric acid (H190- acid concentration of 1.75% (w/v), duration of 10 min, and temperature of 190 ± 2 °C) and thin stillage (THS) mixture
Substrate combination (%w/v pretreated wheat straw + thin stillage) | Inoculation mode | Mycelial growth form | Dry Biomass (g/L) | Ethanol max (g/L) | Ethanol max- Fermentation time (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7% solid loading | |||||
 WSS + THS | Pellets | – | – | – | – |
Filamentous | Filamentous | 7.88 ± 1.28 | 6.25 ± 0.77 | 72 | |
 WSS | Pellets | – | – | – | – |
Filamentous | – | – | – | – | |
 WSL+ THS | Pellets | – | – | – | – |
Filamentous | Filamentous | 6.25 ± 0.18 | 9.22 ± 1.02 | 72 | |
 WSL | Pellets | – | – | – | – |
Filamentous | – | – | – | – | |
3.5% solid loading | |||||
 WSs + THS | Pellets | Filamentous | 9.22 ± 0.57 | 6.18 ± 0.85 | 72 |
Filamentous | Filamentous | 6.87 ± 0.19 | 5.54 ± 0.15 | 72 | |
 WSs | Pellets | – | – | – | – |
Filamentous | – | – | – | – | |
 WSL+ THS | Pellets | Filamentous | 7.37 ± 0.88 | 5.96 ± 0.51 | 72 |
Filamentous | Filamentous | 10.95 ± 1.10 | 6.47 ± 0.79 | 72 | |
 WSL | Pellets | Pellets | 3.91 ± 0.11 | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 48 |
Filamentous | Filamentous | 3.01 ± 0.07 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 72 | |