Fig. 1

Preliminary fermentation experiments with wild type and engineered MG1655 in LB with phosphate buffer at the indicated lactose concentration in 15-ml tubes. a 40 g/l of lactose. b 80 g/l of lactose. Ethanol and residual lactose are measured after a 72-h fermentation at 30 °C. The reported values are the mean of at least 4 independent replicates and error bars are the 95% confidence intervals of the mean