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Fig. 4 | BMC Biotechnology

Fig. 4

From: Retinoic acid promotes expression of germline-specific genes in chicken blastoderm cells by stimulating Smad1/5 phosphorylation in a feeder-free culture system

Fig. 4

Inhibition of Smad1/5 phosphorylation decreased RA-induced germ cell differentiation of cBCs. a Cells were grown for the indicated time following LIF withdrawal in the presence of RA. Western blots were used to analyze the expression levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5 (pSmad1/5) and a loading control (GAPDH). Similar results were obtained in two separate experiments. b The expression levels of pSmad1/5 were analyzed after 12 h of RA treatment, 2 h of dorsomorphin (Dorso, inhibitor of BMP signaling pathway) treatment, or both. Similar results were obtained in two separate experiments. c The mRNA expression levels of Stra8, Dazl and Cvh were measured after RA or Dorso treatment by qRT-PCR. Data are representative of results in three independent experiments, values are the mean ± SEM (n = 3) and each condition was normalized to β-actin abundance. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01

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BMC Biotechnology

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