Fig. 5From: Multi-antigen avian influenza a (H7N9) virus-like particles: particulate characterizations and immunogenicity evaluation in murine and avian modelsThe immunogenicity of H7N9 VLP in a chicken model. a SPF chickens (n = 6 per group) were immunized with VLPs, HA/NA/M1 free proteins (10 μg per chicken intramuscularly on day 0 and 14) or PBS, and blood samples were collected. b Chickens receiving H7N9 VLPs showed significantly increased serum HI titer against the H7N9 inactivated virions. Error bars are mean ± SEM. c, d On day 26 post-immunization, chickens receiving VLPs exhibited higher serum ELISA titers against purified NA and M1 proteins as compared to the PBS control. Lines and boxes represent upper extreme, 25th, 50th, 75th percentile, and lower extreme. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001Back to article page