Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | BMC Biotechnology

Fig. 3

From: Protoplast isolation, transient transformation of leaf mesophyll protoplasts and improved Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc infiltration of Phaseolus vulgaris: tools for rapid gene expression analysis

Fig. 3

Transformation efficiency of Phaseolus vulgaris leaf protoplasts by various transformation methods. a All of the experiments were performed using 20 μg of plasmid DNA and 2 × 105 leaf mesophyll protoplasts. The graph shows the percent transformation efficiency in different transformation methods. b Percent transformation of protoplasts using various quantities of plasmid DNA (left) and different PEG 4000 (right) concentrations. The statistical significance of differences was determined using a one-way ANOVA Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). For both A and B, the data are the averages of three biological replicates (n = 9); the error bars represent means ± SD

Back to article page