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Table 2 Spectral characteristics of GCaMP-like Ca2+ sensors. Excitation/emission wavelengths, fluorescence quantum yield, extinction coefficient and pH stability in the presence of Ca2+are shown

From: Single fluorescent protein-based Ca2+sensors with increased dynamic range

Sensor

(F/F0)max

Excitation/emission wavelengths, nm

Quantum yield

Extinction coefficient, M-1cm-1

Relative brightness a

pH stability (pKa)

Kd for Ca2+, μM

Flash -pericam

8.0

494/514

0.20

16,900

0.10

7.9

0.7

GCaMP1

4.3

488/510

0.05

1,400

0.002

7.1

0.24

GCaMP1.6

4.9

488/509

0.79

3,800

0.09

8.2

0.16

GCaMP2

5.0

487/508

0.93

19,000

0.53

Nd

0.16

Case12

12.0

491/516

0.24

48,000

0.35

7.2

1.0

Case16

16.5

490/516

0.17

50,000

0.28

7.2

1.0

  1. a Calculated brightness compared to that of EGFP.