Figure 2

Surface roughness of HUVECs cultured on the two collagen films. HUVECs were incubated on top of the collagen film (A) and denatured collagen film (B). Surface roughness of HUVECs on the two collagen films was analyzed using phase-contrast DHM. (C) Experimental setup of the phase-contrast DHM and cell-substrate samples used in this study. (D and E) Spatial distribution of physical thickness of HUVECs on the normal collagen film (non-treatment group) and denatured collagen film (treatment group). Holograms exhibit the thickness distribution of HUVECs in the non-treatment group (D) and treatment group (E). (F) Temporal variations in surface roughness of HUVECs cultured on the collagen film and collagenase-treated collagen film. RMS = root mean square. N = 10.