Simultaneously improving xylose fermentation and tolerance to lignocellulosic inhibitors through evolutionary engineering of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiaeharbouring xylose isomerase

Table 1 Chemical composition of steam-pretreated triticale straw and sweet sorghum bagasse

	Triticale pretreatment liquor (g/L)	Sweet sorghum pretreatment liquor (g/L)	Sweet sorghum water-insoluble solids (g/100 g)
By-products
Acetic acid	3.34 ± 0.10	4.01 ± 0.30	-
Formic acid	0.94 ± 0.10	0.72 ± 0.20	-
HMF	0.44 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.02	-
Furfural	1.63 ± 0.05	1.08 ± 0.05	-
Sugars
Glucose	0.71 ± 0.05	0.27 ± 0.03	51.48 ± 0.3
Xylose	3.24 ± 0.50	2.70 ± 0.06	12.29 ± 0.23
Cellobiose	0.16 ± 0.01	0.59 ± 0.01	10.49 ± 1.22
Arabinose	0.24 ± 0.02	0.67 ± 0.09	0.46 ± 0.10

Conditions of steam pretreatment for triticale straw and sweet sorghum bagasse were 200°C for 20 min and 180°C for 5 min, respectively. The chemical composition of the water insoluble solid fraction was determined after washing and subsequent to acid hydrolysis. The composition of pretreated triticale straw WIS was excluded from the table since this fraction was not utilised in this study. Standard deviations from duplicate analyses are also shown.

ISSN: 1472-6750